vpRealSense2.cpp

/*
 * ViSP, open source Visual Servoing Platform software.
 * Copyright (C) 2005 - 2025 by Inria. All rights reserved.
 *
 * This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 * See the file LICENSE.txt at the root directory of this source
 * distribution for additional information about the GNU GPL.
 *
 * For using ViSP with software that can not be combined with the GNU
 * GPL, please contact Inria about acquiring a ViSP Professional
 * Edition License.
 *
 * See https://visp.inria.fr for more information.
 *
 * This software was developed at:
 * Inria Rennes - Bretagne Atlantique
 * Campus Universitaire de Beaulieu
 * 35042 Rennes Cedex
 * France
 *
 * If you have questions regarding the use of this file, please contact
 * Inria at visp@inria.fr
 *
 * This file is provided AS IS with NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, INCLUDING THE
 * WARRANTY OF DESIGN, MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
 *
 * Description:
 * librealSense2 interface.
 */
 
#include <visp3/core/vpConfig.h>
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_REALSENSE2) && (VISP_CXX_STANDARD >= VISP_CXX_STANDARD_11)
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <visp3/core/vpImageConvert.h>
#include <visp3/sensor/vpRealSense2.h>
 
#define MANUAL_POINTCLOUD 1
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL) && defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL_COMMON)
namespace
{
bool operator==(const rs2_extrinsics &lhs, const rs2_extrinsics &rhs)
{
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
      if (std::fabs(lhs.rotation[i * 3 + j] - rhs.rotation[i * 3 + j]) > std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) {
        return false;
      }
    }
 
    if (std::fabs(lhs.translation[i] - rhs.translation[i]) > std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) {
      return false;
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
} // namespace
#endif
 
BEGIN_VISP_NAMESPACE
  vpRealSense2::vpRealSense2()
  : m_depthScale(0.0f), m_invalidDepthValue(0.0f), m_max_Z(8.0f), m_pipe(), m_pipelineProfile(), m_pointcloud(),
  m_points(), m_pos(), m_quat(), m_rot(), m_product_line(), m_init(false)
{ }

vpRealSense2::~vpRealSense2() { close(); }

void vpRealSense2::acquire(vpImage<unsigned char> &grey, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  auto color_frame = data.get_color_frame();
  getGreyFrame(color_frame, grey);
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(vpImage<vpRGBa> &color, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  auto color_frame = data.get_color_frame();
  getColorFrame(color_frame, color);
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared,
                           rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  acquire(data_image, data_depth, data_pointCloud, data_infrared, nullptr, align_to, ts);
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared1,
                           unsigned char *const data_infrared2, rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  if (align_to != nullptr) {
    // Infrared stream is not aligned
    // see https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/issues/1556#issuecomment-384919994
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (9 * 100) + 0))
    data = align_to->process(data);
#else
    data = align_to->proccess(data);
#endif
  }
 
  if (data_image != nullptr) {
    auto color_frame = data.get_color_frame();
    getNativeFrameData(color_frame, data_image);
  }
 
  if (data_depth != nullptr || data_pointCloud != nullptr) {
    auto depth_frame = data.get_depth_frame();
    if (data_depth != nullptr) {
      getNativeFrameData(depth_frame, data_depth);
    }
 
    if (data_pointCloud != nullptr) {
      getPointcloud(depth_frame, *data_pointCloud);
    }
  }
 
  if (data_infrared1 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.first(RS2_STREAM_INFRARED);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared1);
  }
 
  if (data_infrared2 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.get_infrared_frame(2);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared2);
  }
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}
 
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
void vpRealSense2::acquire(vpImage<unsigned char> *left, vpImage<unsigned char> *right, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
 
  if (left != nullptr) {
    auto left_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(1);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    left->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(left_fisheye_frame, (*left).bitmap);
  }
 
  if (right != nullptr) {
    auto right_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(2);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    right->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(right_fisheye_frame, (*right).bitmap);
  }
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(vpImage<unsigned char> *left, vpImage<unsigned char> *right, vpHomogeneousMatrix *cMw,
                           vpColVector *odo_vel, vpColVector *odo_acc, unsigned int *confidence, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
 
  if (left != nullptr) {
    auto left_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(1);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    left->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(left_fisheye_frame, (*left).bitmap);
  }
 
  if (right != nullptr) {
    auto right_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(2);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    right->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(right_fisheye_frame, (*right).bitmap);
  }
 
  auto pose_frame = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_POSE);
  auto pose_data = pose_frame.as<rs2::pose_frame>().get_pose_data();
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
 
  if (cMw != nullptr) {
    m_pos[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.x);
    m_pos[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.y);
    m_pos[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.z);
 
    m_quat[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.x);
    m_quat[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.y);
    m_quat[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.z);
    m_quat[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.w);
 
    *cMw = vpHomogeneousMatrix(m_pos, m_quat);
  }
 
  if (odo_vel != nullptr) {
    odo_vel->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.z);
    (*odo_vel)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.z);
  }
 
  if (odo_acc != nullptr) {
    odo_acc->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.z);
    (*odo_acc)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.z);
  }
 
  if (confidence != nullptr) {
    *confidence = pose_data.tracker_confidence;
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(vpImage<unsigned char> *left, vpImage<unsigned char> *right, vpHomogeneousMatrix *cMw,
                           vpColVector *odo_vel, vpColVector *odo_acc, vpColVector *imu_vel, vpColVector *imu_acc,
                           unsigned int *confidence, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
 
  if (left != nullptr) {
    auto left_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(1);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(left_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    left->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(left_fisheye_frame, (*left).bitmap);
  }
 
  if (right != nullptr) {
    auto right_fisheye_frame = data.get_fisheye_frame(2);
    unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_width());
    unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(right_fisheye_frame.get_height());
    right->resize(height, width);
    getNativeFrameData(right_fisheye_frame, (*right).bitmap);
  }
 
  auto pose_frame = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_POSE);
  auto pose_data = pose_frame.as<rs2::pose_frame>().get_pose_data();
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
 
  if (cMw != nullptr) {
    m_pos[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.x);
    m_pos[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.y);
    m_pos[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.z);
 
    m_quat[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.x);
    m_quat[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.y);
    m_quat[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.z);
    m_quat[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.w);
 
    *cMw = vpHomogeneousMatrix(m_pos, m_quat);
  }
 
  if (odo_vel != nullptr) {
    odo_vel->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.z);
    (*odo_vel)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.z);
  }
 
  if (odo_acc != nullptr) {
    odo_acc->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.z);
    (*odo_acc)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.z);
  }
 
  auto accel_frame = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_ACCEL);
  auto accel_data = accel_frame.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
  if (imu_acc != nullptr) {
    imu_acc->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(accel_data.x);
    (*imu_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(accel_data.y);
    (*imu_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(accel_data.z);
  }
 
  auto gyro_frame = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_GYRO);
  auto gyro_data = gyro_frame.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
  if (imu_vel != nullptr) {
    imu_vel->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(gyro_data.x);
    (*imu_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(gyro_data.y);
    (*imu_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(gyro_data.z);
  }
 
  if (confidence != nullptr) {
    *confidence = pose_data.tracker_confidence;
  }
}
#endif // #if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL) && defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL_COMMON)
void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud,
                           pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr &pointcloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared,
                           rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  acquire(data_image, data_depth, data_pointCloud, pointcloud, data_infrared, nullptr, align_to, ts);
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud,
                           pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr &pointcloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared1,
                           unsigned char *const data_infrared2, rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  if (align_to != nullptr) {
    // Infrared stream is not aligned
    // see https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/issues/1556#issuecomment-384919994
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (9 * 100) + 0))
    data = align_to->process(data);
#else
    data = align_to->proccess(data);
#endif
  }
 
  if (data_image != nullptr) {
    auto color_frame = data.get_color_frame();
    getNativeFrameData(color_frame, data_image);
  }
 
  if (data_depth != nullptr || data_pointCloud != nullptr || pointcloud != nullptr) {
    auto depth_frame = data.get_depth_frame();
    if (data_depth != nullptr) {
      getNativeFrameData(depth_frame, data_depth);
    }
 
    if (data_pointCloud != nullptr) {
      getPointcloud(depth_frame, *data_pointCloud);
    }
 
    if (pointcloud != nullptr) {
      getPointcloud(depth_frame, pointcloud);
    }
  }
 
  if (data_infrared1 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.first(RS2_STREAM_INFRARED);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared1);
  }
 
  if (data_infrared2 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.get_infrared_frame(2);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared2);
  }
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud,
                           pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr &pointcloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared,
                           rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  acquire(data_image, data_depth, data_pointCloud, pointcloud, data_infrared, nullptr, align_to, ts);
}

void vpRealSense2::acquire(unsigned char *const data_image, unsigned char *const data_depth,
                           std::vector<vpColVector> *const data_pointCloud,
                           pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr &pointcloud, unsigned char *const data_infrared1,
                           unsigned char *const data_infrared2, rs2::align *const align_to, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  if (align_to != nullptr) {
    // Infrared stream is not aligned
    // see https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/issues/1556#issuecomment-384919994
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (9 * 100) + 0))
    data = align_to->process(data);
#else
    data = align_to->proccess(data);
#endif
  }
 
  auto color_frame = data.get_color_frame();
  if (data_image != nullptr) {
    getNativeFrameData(color_frame, data_image);
  }
 
  if (data_depth != nullptr || data_pointCloud != nullptr || pointcloud != nullptr) {
    auto depth_frame = data.get_depth_frame();
    if (data_depth != nullptr) {
      getNativeFrameData(depth_frame, data_depth);
    }
 
    if (data_pointCloud != nullptr) {
      getPointcloud(depth_frame, *data_pointCloud);
    }
 
    if (pointcloud != nullptr) {
      getPointcloud(depth_frame, color_frame, pointcloud);
    }
  }
 
  if (data_infrared1 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.first(RS2_STREAM_INFRARED);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared1);
  }
 
  if (data_infrared2 != nullptr) {
    auto infrared_frame = data.get_infrared_frame(2);
    getNativeFrameData(infrared_frame, data_infrared2);
  }
 
  if (ts != nullptr) {
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
  }
}
#endif

void vpRealSense2::close()
{
  if (m_init) {
    m_pipe.stop();
    m_init = false;
  }
}

vpCameraParameters vpRealSense2::getCameraParameters(const rs2_stream &stream,
                                                     vpCameraParameters::vpCameraParametersProjType type,
                                                     int index) const
{
  auto rs_stream = m_pipelineProfile.get_stream(stream, index).as<rs2::video_stream_profile>();
  auto intrinsics = rs_stream.get_intrinsics();
 
  vpCameraParameters cam;
  double u0 = intrinsics.ppx;
  double v0 = intrinsics.ppy;
  double px = intrinsics.fx;
  double py = intrinsics.fy;
 
  switch (type) {
  case vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithDistortion: {
    double kdu = intrinsics.coeffs[0];
    cam.initPersProjWithDistortion(px, py, u0, v0, -kdu, kdu);
  } break;
 
  case vpCameraParameters::ProjWithKannalaBrandtDistortion: {
    std::vector<double> tmp_coefs;
    tmp_coefs.push_back(static_cast<double>(intrinsics.coeffs[0]));
    tmp_coefs.push_back(static_cast<double>(intrinsics.coeffs[1]));
    tmp_coefs.push_back(static_cast<double>(intrinsics.coeffs[2]));
    tmp_coefs.push_back(static_cast<double>(intrinsics.coeffs[3]));
    tmp_coefs.push_back(static_cast<double>(intrinsics.coeffs[4]));
 
    cam.initProjWithKannalaBrandtDistortion(px, py, u0, v0, tmp_coefs);
  } break;
 
  case vpCameraParameters::perspectiveProjWithoutDistortion:
  default:
    cam.initPersProjWithoutDistortion(px, py, u0, v0);
    break;
  }
 
  return cam;
}

rs2_intrinsics vpRealSense2::getIntrinsics(const rs2_stream &stream, int index) const
{
  auto vsp = m_pipelineProfile.get_stream(stream, index).as<rs2::video_stream_profile>();
  return vsp.get_intrinsics();
}
 
void vpRealSense2::getColorFrame(const rs2::frame &frame, vpImage<vpRGBa> &color)
{
  auto vf = frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(vf.get_width());
  unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(vf.get_height());
  color.resize(height, width);
 
  if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_RGB8) {
    vpImageConvert::RGBToRGBa(const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
                              reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(color.bitmap), width, height);
  }
  else if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_RGBA8) {
    memcpy(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(color.bitmap),
           const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
           width * height * sizeof(vpRGBa));
  }
  else if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_BGR8) {
    vpImageConvert::BGRToRGBa(const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
                              reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *>(color.bitmap), width, height);
  }
  else {
    throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "RealSense Camera - color stream not supported!");
  }
}

float vpRealSense2::getDepthScale()
{
  if (!m_init) { // If pipe is not yet created, create it. Otherwise, we already know depth scale.
    rs2::pipeline *pipe = new rs2::pipeline;
    rs2::pipeline_profile *pipelineProfile = new rs2::pipeline_profile;
    *pipelineProfile = pipe->start();
 
    rs2::device dev = pipelineProfile->get_device();
 
    // Go over the device's sensors
    for (rs2::sensor &sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
      // Check if the sensor is a depth sensor
      if (rs2::depth_sensor dpt = sensor.as<rs2::depth_sensor>()) {
        m_depthScale = dpt.get_depth_scale();
      }
    }
 
    pipe->stop();
    delete pipe;
    delete pipelineProfile;
  }
 
  return m_depthScale;
}
 
void vpRealSense2::getGreyFrame(const rs2::frame &frame, vpImage<unsigned char> &grey)
{
  auto vf = frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  unsigned int width = static_cast<unsigned int>(vf.get_width());
  unsigned int height = static_cast<unsigned int>(vf.get_height());
  grey.resize(height, width);
 
  if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_RGB8) {
    vpImageConvert::RGBToGrey(const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
                              grey.bitmap, width, height);
  }
  else if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_RGBA8) {
    vpImageConvert::RGBaToGrey(const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
                               grey.bitmap, width * height);
  }
  else if (frame.get_profile().format() == RS2_FORMAT_BGR8) {
    vpImageConvert::BGRToGrey(const_cast<unsigned char *>(static_cast<const unsigned char *>(frame.get_data())),
                              grey.bitmap, width, height);
  }
  else {
    throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "RealSense Camera - color stream not supported!");
  }
}
 
void vpRealSense2::getNativeFrameData(const rs2::frame &frame, unsigned char *const data)
{
  auto vf = frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  int size = vf.get_width() * vf.get_height();
 
  switch (frame.get_profile().format()) {
  case RS2_FORMAT_RGB8:
  case RS2_FORMAT_BGR8:
    memcpy(data, frame.get_data(), size * 3);
    break;
 
  case RS2_FORMAT_RGBA8:
  case RS2_FORMAT_BGRA8:
    memcpy(data, frame.get_data(), size * 4);
    break;
 
  case RS2_FORMAT_Y16:
  case RS2_FORMAT_Z16:
    memcpy(data, frame.get_data(), size * 2);
    break;
 
  case RS2_FORMAT_Y8:
    memcpy(data, frame.get_data(), size);
    break;
 
  default:
    break;
  }
}
 
void vpRealSense2::getPointcloud(const rs2::depth_frame &depth_frame, std::vector<vpColVector> &pointcloud)
{
  if (m_depthScale <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "Error, depth scale <= 0: " << m_depthScale;
    throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, ss.str());
  }
 
  auto vf = depth_frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  const int width = vf.get_width();
  const int height = vf.get_height();
  pointcloud.resize(static_cast<size_t>(width * height));
 
  const uint16_t *p_depth_frame = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(depth_frame.get_data());
  const rs2_intrinsics depth_intrinsics = depth_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>().get_intrinsics();
 
// Multi-threading if OpenMP
// Concurrent writes at different locations are safe
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
  for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
    auto depth_pixel_index = i * width;
 
    for (int j = 0; j < width; j++, depth_pixel_index++) {
      if (p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index] == 0) {
        pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].resize(4, false);
        pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][0] = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][1] = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][2] = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][3] = 1.0;
        continue;
      }
 
      // Get the depth value of the current pixel
      auto pixels_distance = m_depthScale * p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index];
 
      float points[3];
      const float pixel[] = { static_cast<float>(j), static_cast<float>(i) };
      rs2_deproject_pixel_to_point(points, &depth_intrinsics, pixel, pixels_distance);
 
      if (pixels_distance > m_max_Z)
        points[0] = points[1] = points[2] = m_invalidDepthValue;
 
      pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].resize(4, false);
      pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][0] = points[0];
      pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][1] = points[1];
      pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][2] = points[2];
      pointcloud[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)][3] = 1.0;
    }
  }
}
 
#if defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL) && defined(VISP_HAVE_PCL_COMMON)
void vpRealSense2::getPointcloud(const rs2::depth_frame &depth_frame, pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>::Ptr &pointcloud)
{
  if (m_depthScale <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) {
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << "Error, depth scale <= 0: " << m_depthScale;
    throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, ss.str());
  }
 
  auto vf = depth_frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  const int width = vf.get_width();
  const int height = vf.get_height();
  pointcloud->width = static_cast<uint32_t>(width);
  pointcloud->height = static_cast<uint32_t>(height);
  pointcloud->resize(static_cast<size_t>(width * height));
 
#if MANUAL_POINTCLOUD // faster to compute manually when tested
  const uint16_t *p_depth_frame = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(depth_frame.get_data());
  const rs2_intrinsics depth_intrinsics = depth_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>().get_intrinsics();
 
  // Multi-threading if OpenMP
  // Concurrent writes at different locations are safe
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
  for (int i = 0; i < height; i++) {
    auto depth_pixel_index = i * width;
 
    for (int j = 0; j < width; j++, depth_pixel_index++) {
      if (p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index] == 0) {
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].x = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].y = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].z = m_invalidDepthValue;
        continue;
      }
 
      // Get the depth value of the current pixel
      auto pixels_distance = m_depthScale * p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index];
 
      float points[3];
      const float pixel[] = { static_cast<float>(j), static_cast<float>(i) };
      rs2_deproject_pixel_to_point(points, &depth_intrinsics, pixel, pixels_distance);
 
      if (pixels_distance > m_max_Z)
        points[0] = points[1] = points[2] = m_invalidDepthValue;
 
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].x = points[0];
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].y = points[1];
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].z = points[2];
    }
  }
#else
  m_points = m_pointcloud.calculate(depth_frame);
  auto vertices = m_points.get_vertices();
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < m_points.size(); i++) {
    if (vertices[i].z <= 0.0f || vertices[i].z > m_max_Z) {
      pointcloud->points[i].x = m_invalidDepthValue;
      pointcloud->points[i].y = m_invalidDepthValue;
      pointcloud->points[i].z = m_invalidDepthValue;
    }
    else {
      pointcloud->points[i].x = vertices[i].x;
      pointcloud->points[i].y = vertices[i].y;
      pointcloud->points[i].z = vertices[i].z;
    }
  }
#endif
}
 
void vpRealSense2::getPointcloud(const rs2::depth_frame &depth_frame, const rs2::frame &color_frame,
                                 pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZRGB>::Ptr &pointcloud)
{
  if (m_depthScale <= std::numeric_limits<float>::epsilon()) {
    throw vpException(vpException::fatalError, "Error, depth scale <= 0: %f", m_depthScale);
  }
 
  auto vf = depth_frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  const int depth_width = vf.get_width();
  const int depth_height = vf.get_height();
  pointcloud->width = static_cast<uint32_t>(depth_width);
  pointcloud->height = static_cast<uint32_t>(depth_height);
  pointcloud->resize(static_cast<uint32_t>(depth_width * depth_height));
 
  vf = color_frame.as<rs2::video_frame>();
  const int color_width = vf.get_width();
  const int color_height = vf.get_height();
 
  const uint16_t *p_depth_frame = reinterpret_cast<const uint16_t *>(depth_frame.get_data());
  const rs2_extrinsics depth2ColorExtrinsics =
    depth_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>().get_extrinsics_to(
        color_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>());
  const rs2_intrinsics depth_intrinsics = depth_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>().get_intrinsics();
  const rs2_intrinsics color_intrinsics = color_frame.get_profile().as<rs2::video_stream_profile>().get_intrinsics();
 
  auto color_format = color_frame.as<rs2::video_frame>().get_profile().format();
  const bool swap_rb = color_format == RS2_FORMAT_BGR8 || color_format == RS2_FORMAT_BGRA8;
  unsigned int nb_color_pixel = (color_format == RS2_FORMAT_RGB8 || color_format == RS2_FORMAT_BGR8) ? 3 : 4;
  const unsigned char *p_color_frame = static_cast<const unsigned char *>(color_frame.get_data());
  rs2_extrinsics identity;
  memset(identity.rotation, 0, sizeof(identity.rotation));
  memset(identity.translation, 0, sizeof(identity.translation));
  for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    identity.rotation[i * 3 + i] = 1;
  }
  const bool registered_streams =
    (depth2ColorExtrinsics == identity) && (color_width == depth_width) && (color_height == depth_height);
 
// Multi-threading if OpenMP
// Concurrent writes at different locations are safe
#pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
  for (int i = 0; i < depth_height; i++) {
    auto depth_pixel_index = i * depth_width;
 
    for (int j = 0; j < depth_width; j++, depth_pixel_index++) {
      if (p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index] == 0) {
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].x = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].y = m_invalidDepthValue;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].z = m_invalidDepthValue;
 
        // For out of bounds color data, default to a shade of blue in order to
        // visually distinguish holes. This color value is same as the librealsense
        // out of bounds color value.
#if (VISP_HAVE_PCL_VERSION < 0x010100) // 1.1.0
        unsigned int r = 96, g = 157, b = 198;
        uint32_t rgb = (static_cast<uint32_t>(r) << 16 | static_cast<uint32_t>(g) << 8 | static_cast<uint32_t>(b));
 
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].rgb = *reinterpret_cast<float *>(&rgb);
#else
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r = (uint8_t)96;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g = (uint8_t)157;
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b = (uint8_t)198;
#endif
        continue;
      }
 
      // Get the depth value of the current pixel
      auto pixels_distance = m_depthScale * p_depth_frame[depth_pixel_index];
 
      float depth_point[3];
      const float pixel[] = { static_cast<float>(j), static_cast<float>(i) };
      rs2_deproject_pixel_to_point(depth_point, &depth_intrinsics, pixel, pixels_distance);
 
      if (pixels_distance > m_max_Z) {
        depth_point[0] = depth_point[1] = depth_point[2] = m_invalidDepthValue;
      }
 
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].x = depth_point[0];
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].y = depth_point[1];
      pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].z = depth_point[2];
 
      if (!registered_streams) {
        float color_point[3];
        rs2_transform_point_to_point(color_point, &depth2ColorExtrinsics, depth_point);
        float color_pixel[2];
        rs2_project_point_to_pixel(color_pixel, &color_intrinsics, color_point);
 
        if (color_pixel[1] < 0 || color_pixel[1] >= color_height || color_pixel[0] < 0 ||
            color_pixel[0] >= color_width) {
          // For out of bounds color data, default to a shade of blue in order to
          // visually distinguish holes. This color value is same as the librealsense
          // out of bounds color value.
#if (VISP_HAVE_PCL_VERSION < 0x010100) // 1.1.0
          unsigned int r = 96, g = 157, b = 198;
          uint32_t rgb = (static_cast<uint32_t>(r) << 16 | static_cast<uint32_t>(g) << 8 | static_cast<uint32_t>(b));
 
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].rgb = *reinterpret_cast<float *>(&rgb);
#else
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r = (uint8_t)96;
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g = (uint8_t)157;
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b = (uint8_t)198;
#endif
        }
        else {
          unsigned int i_ = static_cast<unsigned int>(color_pixel[1]);
          unsigned int j_ = static_cast<unsigned int>(color_pixel[0]);
 
#if (VISP_HAVE_PCL_VERSION < 0x010100) // 1.1.0
          uint32_t rgb = 0;
          if (swap_rb) {
            rgb =
              (static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel]) |
               static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 1]) << 8 |
               static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 2])
                   << 16);
          }
          else {
            rgb =
              (static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel]) << 16 |
               static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 1]) << 8 |
               static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 2]));
          }
 
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(i * depth_width + j)].rgb = *reinterpret_cast<float *>(&rgb);
#else
          if (swap_rb) {
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel];
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 1];
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 2];
          }
          else {
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel];
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 1];
            pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b =
              p_color_frame[(i_ * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j_) * nb_color_pixel + 2];
          }
#endif
        }
      }
      else {
#if (VISP_HAVE_PCL_VERSION < 0x010100) // 1.1.0
        uint32_t rgb = 0;
        if (swap_rb) {
          rgb = (static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel]) |
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 1]) << 8 |
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 2]) << 16);
        }
        else {
          rgb = (static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel]) << 16 |
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 1]) << 8 |
                 static_cast<uint32_t>(p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 2]));
        }
 
        pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(i * depth_width + j)].rgb = *reinterpret_cast<float *>(&rgb);
#else
        if (swap_rb) {
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel];
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 1];
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 2];
        }
        else {
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].r =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel];
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].g =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 1];
          pointcloud->points[static_cast<size_t>(depth_pixel_index)].b =
            p_color_frame[(i * static_cast<unsigned int>(color_width) + j) * nb_color_pixel + 2];
        }
#endif
      }
    }
  }
}
 
#endif

vpHomogeneousMatrix vpRealSense2::getTransformation(const rs2_stream &from, const rs2_stream &to, int from_index) const
{
  int to_index = -1;
 
  if (from_index != -1) // If we have to specify indices for streams. (Ex.: T265 device having 2 fisheyes)
  {
    if (from_index == 1) // From left => To right.
      to_index = 2;
    else if (from_index == 2) // From right => To left.
      to_index = 1;
  }
 
  auto from_stream = m_pipelineProfile.get_stream(from, from_index);
  auto to_stream = m_pipelineProfile.get_stream(to, to_index);
 
  rs2_extrinsics extrinsics = from_stream.get_extrinsics_to(to_stream);
 
  vpTranslationVector t;
  vpRotationMatrix R;
  for (unsigned int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
    t[i] = extrinsics.translation[i];
    for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 3; j++)
      R[i][j] = extrinsics.rotation[j * 3 + i]; // rotation is column-major order
  }
 
  vpHomogeneousMatrix to_M_from(t, R);
  return to_M_from;
}
 
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
unsigned int vpRealSense2::getOdometryData(vpHomogeneousMatrix *cMw, vpColVector *odo_vel, vpColVector *odo_acc,
                                           double *ts)
{
  auto frame = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  auto f = frame.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_POSE);
  auto pose_data = f.as<rs2::pose_frame>().get_pose_data();
 
  if (ts != nullptr)
    *ts = frame.get_timestamp();
 
  if (cMw != nullptr) {
    m_pos[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.x);
    m_pos[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.y);
    m_pos[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.translation.z);
 
    m_quat[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.x);
    m_quat[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.y);
    m_quat[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.z);
    m_quat[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.rotation.w);
 
    *cMw = vpHomogeneousMatrix(m_pos, m_quat);
  }
 
  if (odo_vel != nullptr) {
    odo_vel->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.velocity.z);
    (*odo_vel)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.x);
    (*odo_vel)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.y);
    (*odo_vel)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_velocity.z);
  }
 
  if (odo_acc != nullptr) {
    odo_acc->resize(6, false);
    (*odo_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.acceleration.z);
    (*odo_acc)[3] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.x);
    (*odo_acc)[4] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.y);
    (*odo_acc)[5] = static_cast<double>(pose_data.angular_acceleration.z);
  }
 
  return pose_data.tracker_confidence;
}

void vpRealSense2::getIMUAcceleration(vpColVector *imu_acc, double *ts)
{
  auto frame = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  auto f = frame.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_ACCEL);
  auto imu_acc_data = f.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
  if (ts != nullptr)
    *ts = f.get_timestamp();
 
  if (imu_acc != nullptr) {
    imu_acc->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.x);
    (*imu_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.y);
    (*imu_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.z);
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::getIMUVelocity(vpColVector *imu_vel, double *ts)
{
  auto frame = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
  auto f = frame.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_GYRO);
  auto imu_vel_data = f.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
  if (ts != nullptr)
    *ts = f.get_timestamp();
 
  if (imu_vel != nullptr) {
    imu_vel->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.x);
    (*imu_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.x);
    (*imu_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.x);
  }
}

void vpRealSense2::getIMUData(vpColVector *imu_acc, vpColVector *imu_vel, double *ts)
{
  auto data = m_pipe.wait_for_frames();
 
  if (ts != nullptr)
    *ts = data.get_timestamp();
 
  if (imu_acc != nullptr) {
    auto acc_data = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_ACCEL);
    auto imu_acc_data = acc_data.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
    imu_acc->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_acc)[0] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.x);
    (*imu_acc)[1] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.y);
    (*imu_acc)[2] = static_cast<double>(imu_acc_data.z);
  }
 
  if (imu_vel != nullptr) {
    auto vel_data = data.first_or_default(RS2_STREAM_GYRO);
    auto imu_vel_data = vel_data.as<rs2::motion_frame>().get_motion_data();
 
    imu_vel->resize(3, false);
    (*imu_vel)[0] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.x);
    (*imu_vel)[1] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.y);
    (*imu_vel)[2] = static_cast<double>(imu_vel_data.z);
  }
}
#endif // #if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))

bool vpRealSense2::open(const rs2::config &cfg)
{
  if (m_init) {
    close();
  }
 
  m_pipelineProfile = m_pipe.start(cfg);
 
  rs2::device dev = m_pipelineProfile.get_device();
 
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
  // Query device product line D400/SR300/L500/T200
  m_product_line = dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_PRODUCT_LINE);
#endif
 
  // Go over the device's sensors
  for (rs2::sensor &sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
    // Check if the sensor is a depth sensor
    if (rs2::depth_sensor dpt = sensor.as<rs2::depth_sensor>()) {
      m_depthScale = dpt.get_depth_scale();
    }
  }
 
  m_init = true;
  return m_init;
}

bool vpRealSense2::open(const rs2::config &cfg, std::function<void(rs2::frame)> &callback)
{
  if (m_init) {
    close();
  }
 
  m_pipelineProfile = m_pipe.start(cfg, callback);
 
  rs2::device dev = m_pipelineProfile.get_device();
 
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
  // Query device product line D400/SR300/L500/T200
  m_product_line = dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_PRODUCT_LINE);
#endif
 
  // Go over the device's sensors
  for (rs2::sensor &sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
    // Check if the sensor is a depth sensor
    if (rs2::depth_sensor dpt = sensor.as<rs2::depth_sensor>()) {
      m_depthScale = dpt.get_depth_scale();
    }
  }
 
  m_init = true;
  return m_init;
}

std::string vpRealSense2::getProductLine()
{
#if (RS2_API_VERSION > ((2 * 10000) + (31 * 100) + 0))
  // With previous code, example/device/framegrabber/grabRealSense2.cpp does not work with D455
  // Error: Frame didn't arrive within 15000
  // Following code from:
  // https://github.com/IntelRealSense/librealsense/blob/4673a37d981164af8eeb8e296e430fc1427e008d/unit-tests/live/memory/test-extrinsics.cpp#L119
 
  // Reset product line info
  m_product_line = "unknown";
 
  rs2::context ctx;
  auto list = ctx.query_devices();
  if (list.size() > 0) {
    // Only one plugged sensor supported
    auto dev = list.front();
    auto sensors = dev.query_sensors();
    if (dev.supports(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_PRODUCT_LINE)) {
      m_product_line = dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_PRODUCT_LINE);
    }
  }
 
  return m_product_line;
#else
  return (std::string("unknown"));
#endif
}

std::string vpRealSense2::getSensorInfo()
{
  std::ostringstream oss;
  oss << *this;
  return oss.str();
}
 
namespace
{
// Helper functions to print information about the RealSense device
void print(const rs2_extrinsics &extrinsics, std::ostream &os)
{
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << "Rotation Matrix:\n";
 
  for (auto i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
    for (auto j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
      ss << std::left << std::setw(15) << std::setprecision(5) << extrinsics.rotation[j * 3 + i];
    }
    ss << std::endl;
  }
 
  ss << "\nTranslation Vector: ";
  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(extrinsics.translation) / sizeof(extrinsics.translation[0]); ++i)
    ss << std::setprecision(15) << extrinsics.translation[i] << "  ";
 
  os << ss.str() << "\n\n";
}
 
void print(const rs2_intrinsics &intrinsics, std::ostream &os)
{
  std::stringstream ss;
  ss << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Width: "
    << "\t" << intrinsics.width << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Height: "
    << "\t" << intrinsics.height << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "PPX: "
    << "\t" << std::setprecision(15) << intrinsics.ppx << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "PPY: "
    << "\t" << std::setprecision(15) << intrinsics.ppy << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Fx: "
    << "\t" << std::setprecision(15) << intrinsics.fx << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Fy: "
    << "\t" << std::setprecision(15) << intrinsics.fy << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Distortion: "
    << "\t" << rs2_distortion_to_string(intrinsics.model) << "\n"
    << std::left << std::setw(14) << "Coeffs: ";
 
  for (size_t i = 0; i < sizeof(intrinsics.coeffs) / sizeof(intrinsics.coeffs[0]); ++i)
    ss << "\t" << std::setprecision(15) << intrinsics.coeffs[i] << "  ";
 
  os << ss.str() << "\n\n";
}
 
void safe_get_intrinsics(const rs2::video_stream_profile &profile, rs2_intrinsics &intrinsics)
{
  try {
    intrinsics = profile.get_intrinsics();
  }
  catch (...) {
  }
}
 
bool operator==(const rs2_intrinsics &lhs, const rs2_intrinsics &rhs)
{
  return lhs.width == rhs.width && lhs.height == rhs.height && lhs.ppx == rhs.ppx && lhs.ppy == rhs.ppy &&
    lhs.fx == rhs.fx && lhs.fy == rhs.fy && lhs.model == rhs.model &&
    !std::memcmp(lhs.coeffs, rhs.coeffs, sizeof(rhs.coeffs));
}
 
std::string get_str_formats(const std::set<rs2_format> &formats)
{
  std::stringstream ss;
  for (auto format = formats.begin(); format != formats.end(); ++format) {
    ss << *format << ((format != formats.end()) && (next(format) == formats.end()) ? "" : "/");
  }
  return ss.str();
}
 
struct stream_and_resolution
{
  rs2_stream stream;
  int stream_index;
  int width;
  int height;
  std::string stream_name;
 
  bool operator<(const stream_and_resolution &obj) const
  {
    return (std::make_tuple(stream, stream_index, width, height) <
            std::make_tuple(obj.stream, obj.stream_index, obj.width, obj.height));
  }
};
 
struct stream_and_index
{
  rs2_stream stream;
  int stream_index;
 
  bool operator<(const stream_and_index &obj) const
  {
    return (std::make_tuple(stream, stream_index) < std::make_tuple(obj.stream, obj.stream_index));
  }
};
} // anonymous namespace

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const vpRealSense2 &rs)
{
  rs2::device dev = rs.m_pipelineProfile.get_device();
  os << std::left << std::setw(30) << dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_NAME) << std::setw(20)
    << dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_SERIAL_NUMBER) << std::setw(20) << dev.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_FIRMWARE_VERSION)
    << std::endl;
 
 // Show which options are supported by this device
  os << " Device info: \n";
  for (auto j = 0; j < RS2_CAMERA_INFO_COUNT; ++j) {
    auto param = static_cast<rs2_camera_info>(j);
    if (dev.supports(param))
      os << "    " << std::left << std::setw(30) << rs2_camera_info_to_string(rs2_camera_info(param)) << ": \t"
      << dev.get_info(param) << "\n";
  }
 
  os << "\n";
 
  for (auto &&sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
    os << "Options for " << sensor.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_NAME) << std::endl;
 
    os << std::setw(55) << " Supported options:" << std::setw(10) << "min" << std::setw(10) << " max" << std::setw(6)
      << " step" << std::setw(10) << " default" << std::endl;
    for (auto j = 0; j < RS2_OPTION_COUNT; ++j) {
      auto opt = static_cast<rs2_option>(j);
      if (sensor.supports(opt)) {
        auto range = sensor.get_option_range(opt);
        os << "    " << std::left << std::setw(50) << opt << " : " << std::setw(5) << range.min << "... "
          << std::setw(12) << range.max << std::setw(6) << range.step << std::setw(10) << range.def << "\n";
      }
    }
 
    os << "\n";
  }
 
  for (auto &&sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
    os << "Stream Profiles supported by " << sensor.get_info(RS2_CAMERA_INFO_NAME) << "\n";
 
    os << std::setw(55) << " Supported modes:" << std::setw(10) << "stream" << std::setw(10) << " resolution"
      << std::setw(6) << " fps" << std::setw(10) << " format"
      << "\n";
   // Show which streams are supported by this device
    for (auto &&profile : sensor.get_stream_profiles()) {
      if (auto video = profile.as<rs2::video_stream_profile>()) {
        os << "    " << profile.stream_name() << "\t  " << video.width() << "x" << video.height() << "\t@ "
          << profile.fps() << "Hz\t" << profile.format() << "\n";
      }
      else {
        os << "    " << profile.stream_name() << "\t@ " << profile.fps() << "Hz\t" << profile.format() << "\n";
      }
    }
 
    os << "\n";
  }
 
  std::map<stream_and_index, rs2::stream_profile> streams;
  std::map<stream_and_resolution, std::vector<std::pair<std::set<rs2_format>, rs2_intrinsics> > > intrinsics_map;
  for (auto &&sensor : dev.query_sensors()) {
    // Intrinsics
    for (auto &&profile : sensor.get_stream_profiles()) {
      if (auto video = profile.as<rs2::video_stream_profile>()) {
        if (streams.find(stream_and_index { profile.stream_type(), profile.stream_index() }) == streams.end()) {
          streams[stream_and_index { profile.stream_type(), profile.stream_index() }] = profile;
        }
 
        rs2_intrinsics intrinsics {};
        stream_and_resolution stream_res { profile.stream_type(), profile.stream_index(), video.width(), video.height(),
                                         profile.stream_name() };
        safe_get_intrinsics(video, intrinsics);
        auto it = std::find_if(
            (intrinsics_map[stream_res]).begin(), (intrinsics_map[stream_res]).end(),
            [&](const std::pair<std::set<rs2_format>, rs2_intrinsics> &kvp) { return intrinsics == kvp.second; });
        if (it == (intrinsics_map[stream_res]).end()) {
          (intrinsics_map[stream_res]).push_back({ {profile.format()}, intrinsics });
        }
        else {
          it->first.insert(profile.format()); // If the intrinsics are equals,
                                              // add the profile format to
                                              // format set
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  os << "Provided Intrinsic:\n";
  for (auto &kvp : intrinsics_map) {
    auto stream_res = kvp.first;
    for (auto &intrinsics : kvp.second) {
      auto formats = get_str_formats(intrinsics.first);
      os << "Intrinsic of \"" << stream_res.stream_name << "\"\t  " << stream_res.width << "x" << stream_res.height
        << "\t  " << formats << "\n";
      if (intrinsics.second == rs2_intrinsics {}) {
        os << "Intrinsic NOT available!\n\n";
      }
      else {
        print(intrinsics.second, os);
      }
    }
  }
 
  // Print Extrinsics
  os << "\nProvided Extrinsic:\n";
  for (auto kvp1 = streams.begin(); kvp1 != streams.end(); ++kvp1) {
    for (auto kvp2 = streams.begin(); kvp2 != streams.end(); ++kvp2) {
      os << "Extrinsic from \"" << kvp1->second.stream_name() << "\"\t  "
        << "To"
        << "\t  \"" << kvp2->second.stream_name() << "\"\n";
      auto extrinsics = kvp1->second.get_extrinsics_to(kvp2->second);
      print(extrinsics, os);
    }
  }
 
  return os;
}
END_VISP_NAMESPACE
#elif !defined(VISP_BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
// Work around to avoid warning: libvisp_sensor.a(vpRealSense2.cpp.o) has  symbols
void dummy_vpRealSense2() { }
#endif